past tense, present perfect & Past pefect

Past Tense

1.  (+) She fried some eggs this morning. 
     (-)  She didn’t fry some eggs this morning.
     (?)  Did she fry some eggs this morning?
2. (+)  lina went to depok yesterday
     (-)   lina did't go to depok yesterday
     (?)   did lina go to depok yesterday?
3. (+)He saw the film last night.
    (-)He didn’t see the film last night.
    (?)Did he see the film last night?
4. (+) anti bought a vegetable at market
     (-) Mega didn’t buy a vegetable at market

     (?) Did she buy a vegetable at market?

5. (+) I saw her standing there
    (-)  I did not see her standing there
    (?) did you see her standing there?

Present Perfect

1. (+) She has Finished the work.
    (-)She has not finished the work.
    (?)have she finished the work?
2. (+) father has just called me

    (-) father hasn't just called me

    (+) Has father just called me ?

3. (+) He has washed the car

    (-)  he hasn't washed the car

    (?) has he washed the car?

4. (+)I have written the letter.
   (-)I have not written the letter
   (?)Have you written the letter ?

5. (+) they have lived in poverty all this year

    (-)  they haven't lived in poverty all this year

    (?) have they lived in poverty all this year

Past Perfect

1. (+)I had seen the movie.
   (-) I hadn’t  seen the movie.
   (?) had I seen the movie?
2. (+)  i was hungry. i had lunch
    (-)  i was not hungry. i had just had lunch
    (?)  had you was hungry?
3. (+) when she had sung the sog, she sat down
    (-)  when she hadn't sung the song, she sat down
    (?)  had she sung the song, she sat down?
4. (+)They had arrived from Bandung.
    (-)They hadn’t arrived from  Bandung.
    (?)Had they arrived from Bandung?
5. (+)She had called the  police before I came.
    (-)She hadn’t called the police before I came.
    (?)had she called the police before I came?

nou clause

Noun Clause

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause. Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan).

Penjelasan:

1. Statement

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
• That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)

2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It"

• It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia

3) Objek Pelengkap

• My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia

4) Objek Kata Kerja

• All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia

5) Apositif

• My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.

2.      Question

A. Yes/No Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "whether (or not/or if)"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Can she drive the car? (Question)
• Whether she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or not she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether she can drive the car or not doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or if she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is whether she can drive the car.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not).

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about whether she can drive the car.

B. Wh- Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• What is he doing? (Question)
• What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is what she is doing.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder what she is doing.

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about what she is doing.

Catatan:

Posisi kembali normal, tidak seperti posisi sebuah pertanyaan normal.

3. Request

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Objek Kata Kerja

• Read the book! (Request)
• He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause)

4. Exclamation

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Objek Kata Kerja

• What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation)
• I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Kata Depan

• We are talking about what a pretty girl she is.

Contoh:

1. Alex thinks that Mary is ill.
2. Bob told me that he had finished breakfast.
3. Henry says that Jack is very busy.
4. He insists that there is a mistake.
5. He complained to his friend that his wife couldn't cook.

• Dalam percakapan yang tidak resmi (informal) "that" sering dihilangkan dari objek Clause jika artinya (maksudnya) sudah jelas dapat dimengerti tanpa adanya "that".

Contoh

1. I am sorry (that) I couldn't meet you at the station.
2. He says (that) they plan to come to the dance.
3. We thought (that) you had already left for abroad.
4. The reason we returned so early is, (that) one of the children got sick.

• Noun Clause dari question (pertanyaan) yang terletak sesudah verb yang memerlukan 2 objek mungkin berfungsi sebagai salah satu atau kedua objek dari verb tersebut.

Contoh:   

1. Give the man (Indirect Object) what is in this envelope (Direct Object)
2. Give what is in the envelope  to the man.

Noun Clause dari pertanyaan mungkin diawali dengan kata-kata tanya yang berfungsi sebagai: Pronouns, Adjectives, atau Adverbs. Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah: Pronoun     = who (ever), what (ever(, which. (ever), Adjective = whose, what (ever), which (ever), Adverb = how (ever), when (ever), where (ever), why

daftar pustaka : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-170-noun-clause.html